In India, longer birth spacing, partly from sex selection, led to an underestimate of fertility, but sex selection did not increase infant mortality

I have just finished revising my paper on birth spacing and sex selection in India. The paper is here and the abstract below.

Using four rounds of India's National Family and Health Surveys and a competing-risk hazard model, I show that Hindu women's average birth intervals increased over the last four decades for all education groups. The most significant increases are among the women most likely to use sex selection. Despite the rise in average intervals, the likelihood of very short spacing did not change substantially. Hence, the increases come predominantly from the longer birth intervals getting even longer. As a result of the longer spacing, fertility rates significantly overestimated how fast cohort fertility fell. Although cohort fertility and the fertility rate have started to converge, the cohort fertility is still substantially higher than the fertility rate. Furthermore, cohort fertility is still at or above replacement level for all but the best-educated urban women. Finally, infant mortality risk has declined substantially over time for all groups, but fastest for the lower education groups, who are now close to the level of women with the most education. Short birth spacing is still associated with higher mortality, although the difference is small for the best-educated women. There is no evidence that the increasing use of sex selection is associated with higher infant mortality risk.